Volume 4
CONTRIBUTIONS OF EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAMME TOWARDS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN ENUGU STATE,NIGERIA
Dr.CHARLES CHIBUIKE ONWUADI, EDITH UCHE UGWU, CHIBUIKE DARL OCHIAGHA
Abstract
This paper examined the contributions ofextension education programmes towards community development in
Enugu State. The study was guided by three specific purposes, three research questions and corresponding
hypotheses. The population for the study is comprised of 852 community leaders while through simple random
sampling technique 50 percent (426) respondents were selected for the study. The instrument used for data
collection was researchers'questionnaire titled Contributions of Extension Education towards Community
Development Questionnaire"(CEECDQ) The instrument was validated by three experts while its overall reliability
co-efficient of 90 determined using Cronbach Alpha method was an indication that it was highly reliable. The data
collected from the research questions were answered using mean and standard deviations while the t-test statistic
was used to test the formulated hypotheses.The findings from the study revealed the agricultural,•health and home
m nagement contributions of extension education programme towards community development. It showed
among others that the agricultural contributions of extension education programme towards community
development were:increase in productivity among rural farmers through its sensitization campaigns;promotion of
the adoption of modern farm technologies and securing better markets for commodities.Based on the findings, it
was recommended amongst others that Government at all level should collaborate with NGOs in providing
incentives for agricultural promotion and farmer's empowerment.
Keywords: Extension; Education, Extension Education Programme and Community Development.
OYINLANA,Gbenga Olawale, CHIJIOKE,Jonathan Olelewe(Ph.D), OKWOR Anthony Nwachukwu
Abstract
This study determined collaborative teaching and learning practices and their benefits towards
achieving 21" century skills-based quality education to address the challenges of delivering curriculum
contents and acquisition of interdisciplinary skills required for career success in an inclusive way. A
descriptive survey research design was adopted and the study was carried out in Ondo State. South-
West of Nigeria.Four tertiary institutions were used with a population of 45,000.A sample of 600
respondents made up of 140 final year students and 10 lecturers from each institution were selected
using purposive sampling technique.A structured questionnaire with a reliability index of .83 was used
as instrument for data collection.Three research questions were answered and aalyzed using
mean.Three null hypotheses were tested using the t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance.The
findings of the study revealed that group problem-solving,team-based learning.peer-to-peer learning,
inquiry-based learning. project-based learning,web-based learning,research-based learning and
interdisciplinary learning communities enhance skills-based quality education in the 2/" century. The
study recommended best ways of using collaborative teaching and learning practices to motivate
students to acquire both academic contents and relevant skills needed for their career success in this
21" century.
Keywords:Collaborative Teaching and Learning, Quality Education,21s Century Skills.
Idoun,Augustine Tunde, Adeniran,Adeola Segun & Alademerin,Edwards Adeseye(Ph.D)
Abstract
This study examined the attitude of students and parents towards practical agriculture as perceived by
secondary school administrators in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Two research questions were
developed and a hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was used
for the study, the sample size was twenty six secondary school administrators composed of 14 males and 12
females from twenty six secondary schools. The instrument used for data collection was a modified four point
response Likert scale questionnaire that was face validated by three experts. Descriptive statistical techniques
(arithmetic mean) were used to analyze the research questions and independent t-test was used to test the null
hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that students dislike agricultural science,they also
prefer to study core science,it is not a major subject for gaining admission into higher institution, while practical
agriculture is interesting and fascinating,school farmland is available and parents do not react negatively to their
children sudying agricultural Science. The attitude of students and parents as noted by male and female
secondary school administrators do not have any significance difference on their attitudes towards practical
agriculture. It is recommended that students should be exposed to modern technology and farm
machines,teachers of agricultural science should be creative and innovative in order to attract more students to
take the subject:this will help in sustaining student's interest and improve their perception towards the subject.
Keywords: Attitude,Secondary School,Administrator,Practical Agriculture,Students and Parents
Godwin E. Eze., Cajethan U. Ugwuoke* and Benedicta A. Omeje
Abstract
The study was carried to investigate the problems and prospects of entrepreneurship for sustainable
Agricultural production in Nsukka Agricultural zone of Enugu state. Four research questions and four null
hypotheses were formulated to guide the study.Survey research design was adopted. Population for the study
comprised 530, representing 515 agricultural entrepreneurs and 15 extension agents in Nsukka agricultural
zone. No sample was selected since the population was manageable. Structured questionnaire was developed
to solicit information from respondents. The instrument was validated by three experts and tested for reliability
using Cronbach alpha reliability method which yielded a coefficient of 0.78. The instrument was administered
by the researchers with the help of three research assistants.Total of 530 copies of the instrument were
administered but 480 were collected representing a return rate of 91 percent. The data were analyzed using
mean to answer research questions while t-test statistic was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of
significance. It was found among others that fish farming, timber production, arable crop production, piggery,
snail farming, horticulture, apiculture were the areas entrepreneurship can be carried out in Agriculture. It was
recommended that agricultural entrepreneurs should be given proper education and re-trained on the needs
for entrepreneurship for sustainable agriculture.
Key words: Sustainability. Agricultural Production, Entrepreneurship, Prospects
PRODUCTION OF COSMETICS USING INDIGENOUS RAW MATERIALS FROM BENUE STATE OF NIGERIA
Gera Nguvan Patience, Chiamaka Adobi Chukwuone (Ph.D) & Igbo Chinyere Anne (Ph.D)
Abstract
The study produced cosmetics using indigenous raw materials from Benue State.Specifically, the
prototype each of body cream,hair cream and face powder,using the developed recipes,and
also determined the acceptability of these three indigenous cosmetics. Two research questions
guided the study. Research and development design was adopted for this study. A 9 point sensory
hedonic standard scale by Peryam and Pilgrim (2005) for sensory evaluation of food,cosmetics
and clothing items was adopted and used for data collection. Sensory evaluation test of the
produced indigenous cosmetics was carried out by 20 panelist comprising of Home economics
lecturers,pharmaceuticals,cosmetologist and chemist,from the University of Nigeria, their
judgment was based on the attribute of texture, colour, fragrance, temperature and the general
acceptability of the product. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 to determine the
percentage of degree of acceptance; this was presented in bar charts. The study established
three indigenous recipes one for each of body cream, hair cream and face powder.The study
also established that indigenous cosmetics are highly acceptable. Based on the results of the
study conclusion was drawn tha: the indigenous body cream,hair cream and face powder,are
highly acceptable by the panel. The study therefore recommended that the production of these
indigenous cosmetics should commence on industrial scale. This should be done by
cosmetologist,cosmetic industrials and governmental training skills centers in Benue State.
Keywords:Production,Cosmetics,Indigenous,Raw Materials,Benue State
THE USE OF HAIR EXTENTIONS BY WOMEN IN ONDO WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE
Adepeko,Evelyn O.(Ph.D)
Abstract
The study examined the use of hair extensions by women in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo
State. Four specific objectives and research questions were set to guide the study. A structured questionnaire
with thirty items was used for data collection. Two hundred and ten respondents were involved in the research.
Simple percentage and frequency count were used to analyze the data collected. The findings of the study
reveal that, some hair extensions were made of different materials, such as: human hair, synthetics or mixed
blends and can be added individually,in groups or by clip-on method. The findings also stated that hair
extensions can be used to changea woman's appearance or look. Change short,thin hair to become long,lush
and full.The study concludes that,the use of hair extensions by women is basically meant forself-beautification
and fashion.
Keywords:Hair,Hair extensions,Women,Human hair and Synthetics
Ifeanyi John ENEOVO, Ifeoma Benedicta ONAH, OKWOR Anthony Nwachukwu
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of multimedia instructional package for teaching computer
maintenance in Colleges of Education in Enugu State. Nigeria. The study adopted quasi-experimental
research design. Pre-test, post-test of both treatment and control groups were analyzed using
Analysis of Covariance to answer each research questions. Findings from the study revealed
that,there was significant difference in the mean responses of student's academic achievement
favouring students in the treatment group.Hence, multimedia instructional package has much impact
in improving student's academic achievement in computer maintenance in colleges of education than
conventional method. It was therefore recommended that educators should adopt multimedia
instructional package in teaching computer maintenance and other courses.
Keywords: Multimedia; Instructional Package; Computer Maintenance
Onyeaku.C and Alika,H.I(Ph.D)
Abstract
The objective of the study was to ascertain if a relationship exists between peer pressure,self-concept and career interest in
Education among students in a Nigerian University. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The correlational
survey method was adopted for the study.Three research instruments were adapted for the study.They include Peer
Pressure Assessment Scale (PPAS)and Self-Concept Inventory(PASCI),and vocational interest inventory (VII).The
population of the study comprised of students in the Faculty of Education at the University of Benin. Data were analyzed
using Pearson product moment correlation.The result showed that a negative significant relationship exists between peer
group pressure and students' career interest in education. On the other hand,a positive relationship was found to exist
between self-concept and interest in education as a career.The following recommendations were proffered:parents and
wards should be guided on how to forestall negative influence from peers and ensure appropriate parenting style that will
encourage good self-concept and that will help advance positive adjustment of their adolescents.School counselors should
initiate programmes that will help students have good self-concept and educate them on the negative influence of peer.
Keywords: congruence, adolescent, peer influence, self-concept, career interest/choice counseling.
UGWU EUNICE L., EZEAKU MARGRET N., ADAMA GRACE NGOZI & UGWUANYI ANTHONY NNAEMEKA
Abstract
This study investigated the utilization of birth control measures by illiterate mothers in Obukpa town in Nsukka L.G.A.
Enugu State. Specifically,the study determined: the birth control measure(s)with the highest level of acceptability by
the illiterate mothers,socio-cultural factors that influence the utilization of birth control measures by the illiterate
mothers,and the different measures to be taken to enhance the utilization of birth control by the illiterate mothers. The
study adopted survey research design. The area of the study is Obukpa community in Nsukka Local Government
Area.A sample of 100 respondents was used for the study. Questionnaire was used for the data collection.Data
collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.Findings include among others, that the illiterate mothers
do not accept the use of modern birth control measures due to some myths and misconceptions they have against
them. Based on the findings. it was recommended among others that Adult education program should be enforced to
upgrade illiterate mother's low status and help fix their problem of ignorance. Keywords:Utilization,Birth
Control,Iiterate,Mothers,Folkloric. Contraception.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE ADOLESCENTS PERCEPTION OF GROOMING
Onuoa, K. M.,*Chukwuone, C.A., Dimclu, I.N.& Anowai C.C.
Abstract
This paper focused on the social media and its influence on the adolescent's perception of
grooming.The various factors that aid the influence of social media in adolescent grooming
were highlighted. Such factors discussed include peer pressure,societal projections about
grooming,role of advertisements, influence of celebrity followership on social media,and cyber
-bullying. Based on the factors and critical issues raised, recommendations were made for
reducing the influence of social media on the adolescent as regards grooming.
Keywords:Social media,perception,grooming,adolescents,peer-pressure
Uzoka,Ngozi(Ph.D) & Olabiyi,Oladiran Stephen(Ph.D)
Abstract
Technology education is of immense importance to present day Nigeria,because of its potentials to produce the needed
skills, knowledge and competences required to steer the engine of development. Therefore, the paper examined: challenges
confronting TVET institutions in developing employees; responsibilities expected of industries in helping TVET institutions
and mechanism for reengineer TVET programme. Descriptive survey research design was employed in carried out the studs.
data were obtained using structured questionnaire from 197 TVET lecturers/instructors and TVET graduates in Lagos State.
The collected data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while independen1
samples 1-test was employed to test null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The reliability coefficient for the study was
.88 using Cronbach alpha reliability tests. The findings revealed: inability of TVET institutions to track employment destination
of their graduates, consequently, valuable feedback inputs to be factored into the review of curricula and training packages
are lost: There is no significant difference between the mean responses of respondents regarding responsibilities expected
of industries by gender and working experience: the mechanism for reengineering TVET programme include that industrial
policy should shifts to align education systems with economic development towards effective manpower development. Based
on the findings,it was recommended that government should increase funding to support TVET,while TVET institutions must
deliver flexible and demand-driven training.
Keywords:Reengineering,Technical and Vocational Education and Training, Employees,
Economic,Industrial Development
Oliver, O,Okanazu' (Ph.D), Egbulonu, Justice,E.& Dr.Abdulkadir Abdulrahman3
Abstract
This study examined the innovative practices required for the promotion of green job opportunities for Technical
Vocational Education and Training graduates in the 21 Century. Two research questions and two null hypotheses
guided the study.The study used survey research design and was carried out in public universitics in South-East
Nigeria.The population was 573 vocational educators drawn from 10 public Universities in South East Nigera
Questionnaire which was validated by three experts was used for data collection. Cronbach Alpha reliability
method was used.and a general reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed and
hypotheses tested using mean,standard deviation and t-test statistic.The study recommended that training
toolkits,operational training manuals used in the training of leamers for green job opportunities be translated into
the language that the leamers are conversant with;TVET graduates in the course of their leaming should be
subjected to research and undergo training on green job matters:there should be constant incorporation of the
latest development in green jobs in teaching and learning of TVET courses: TVET educators should undergo
training in specific green scclors to improve the quality of knowledge transferred to TVET student with regards
to green practiccs.
Keywords:Innovative,Innovative Practices,Green Jobs,romotion of green jobs,Technical Vocational Education
and Training (TVET)
DIMELU,I.N. & CHUKWUONE,C.A., ANOWAI
Abstract
The study identified home economics education clinics for helping homemakers cope with the challenges of climate
change in Benue state. They include home administration clinics,health care,nutrition education, family living and
social work services. The study adopted research and development design too. The study was carried out in three
rural communities of Benue state. The study was in three phases.phase I was to identify their needs,phase 2 to
determine the responsibilities of home economics experts to the home makers and phase 3 to trial test the efficacy
of the clinic to the community. The sample for phase 1 was 10 respondent comprising 5 home economics lecturers
and 5 social work lecturers, phase 2 was 82 respondent made up of 12 lecturers of home economics,23 social
workers and 42 secondary school teachers of home economics. Phase 3- 39 comprising 36 consultants and 3
receptionists. Questionnaire was used for data collection and as a guide in counseling the homemakers. The
questionnaire was validated by three experts. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the internal
consistency of the items with a co-efficient of 0.89. The data were analyzed using, factor loading statistics selecting
the clinic,mean and standard deviation for research question while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test
the hypotheses. It was found out among others that Home Economic Education clinic can serve as an intervention
to homemakers in coping with the effect of climate change in Benue state. It was therefore recommended that such
intervention should also be introduced in other poor community to help families.
Keywords: Clinic,Home Economic Clinic, Climate Change,Homemakers,Home Economics
ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYE EXTRACTED FROM GUINEA CORN LEAVES ON COTTON FABRIC
NWONYE NGOZI UGIA (Ph.D) & PRISCILLIA N. EZEMA (Ph.D)
Abstract
The main objective of thestudy was to assess the colour fastness properties of dye extracted from guinea
corn leaves on cotton fabric. Specifically,the objectives were to; assess the light fastness of dye extracted
from guinea corn;assess the rubbing fastness of dye extracted from guinea corn;and the washing fastness
of dye extracted from guinea corn. Cold maceration and soxhlet extraction were employed using distilled
water and acetone as solvents. The dye was produced in four states using distilled water and acetone in
mecaration and the yield were wine and slightly deep wine respectively while in soxhlet extraction, distilled
water plus sample and acetone plus sample yielded slightly reddish brown and reddish brown. The extracted
dyes were applied on cotton fabric treated with alum. The colours after dyeing yielded blush, deep blush,
brick and deep brick respectively.Light,rubbing and washing colour fastness were tested using cotton fabric
treated with alum. Most of the fabrics dyed with dye extracted using maceration have lower rating on grey
scale than those with soxhlet. It is therefore recommended among others that effort should be made in using
better yielding techniques in extracting dye for better fastness.
Key words:Extraction,Natural Dye,Aceton,Soxhlet,maceration,guinea corn leaf,colour fastness.
Nungse,Nuhu Iliya and Mamman,Hassan Jatau
Abstract
Sustainable Development (SDG) works in the spiritof partnership and pragmatism to make the right choices towards
improve life in a sustainable way for future generations.While Millennium Development Goal(MDG2) focused on
children and access to primary education, Education for All (EFA) had a broader agenda aimed at meeting the basic
learning needs of children,youth and adults. Unfortunately,MDG and EFA commitment to ensure the right to basic
education for all was not achieved by the 2015 deadline. SDG4 seeks ways to achieve this unfinished education
agenda.In this paper,SDG4.4 and 4.5 were the areas of emphasis because the country is moving towards being
enterprising which can best be achieved through Vocational and Technical Education and training (TVET). However, it
was hoped that by 2030, there will be a substantial increase in the number of youths and adults who have relevant
skills including technical and vocational skills for employment,decent jobs and entrepreneurship. This paper in its effort
to achieving this targets suggested that Governments should have clear,realistic and financed plans for implementation
of SDG4.
Key words:Sustainable Development Goal(SDG):TVET;MDG;EFA; Upper Basics
Dr.Nwangwu E.C.',Regha, I.O., & Iorliam,J.N.
Abstract
This study investigated the skills possessed by computer education lecturers in Colleges of Education for
developing instructional courseware.The study adopted the survey research design.The population for the study
is 102 comprised of 77 (51 males and 26 females)Computer Education lecturers in Colleges of Education in the
South East, Nigeria and 25 ICT experts from the ICT Unit of the Colleges of Education surveved. There was no
sampling since the population was manageable. Three specific purposes and four null hypotheses guided the
study. The instrument for data collection was the researcher-developed questionnaire. The data collected were
analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions while t-test and ANOVA statistic were
employed to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that computer education
lecturers do not possess adequate multimedia authoring skills required for developing enriched captivating digital
courseware for instructional delivery.It was therefore recommended that formation of mentoring groups for sharing
innovative ideas on effective implementation of multimedia instruction in the classroom; organizing regular
trainings for computer education lecturers in the form of internal/external capacity building through funding by
TETFund.UNESCO.Federal Ministry of Education among others should be vigoroushy pursued towards
enhancing the skills of lecturers in utilizing multimedia tools in teaching and learning.
Keywords:Multimedia,Authoring Systems.Courseware,Computer Education,Lecturers.
Vero Iyalekhue Abusomwan
Abstract
The study was carried out to empirically investigate Home Economics level of awareness and practice of 21" century
skills in Lagos State secondary schools.Three research questions guided the study.The study adopted descriptive
survey research design. The population for the study is comprised of all the Home Economics related subject
teachers in senior secondary school in Lagos State.Purposive sampling technique was used to select 200 Home
Economics related subject teachers (120 Foods & Nutrition teachers, 60 Clothing and Textiles teachers, and 20
Home Management teachers). The instrument for data collection was adopted from UNESCO (2014)which was used
to elicit participant's level of awareness and practice of 21s century skills among Home Economics related s ubject
teachers in Lagos State.Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard
deviation.The study found that Home Economics teachers are very much aware of the 21" century skills but have
not been able to integrate them into the teaching and learning process of Home Economics. Based on the findings,the
study among others recommended that curriculum planners should take immediate steps to review the curriculum
of Home Economics Education to integrate 21" century skills in both secondary and tertiary educational system.
Keywords: Home Economics,Integration, Level of awareness, Practice,21st skills.